Psalm 32 verses 10-12

The previous verses dealt with God as creator; Verses 10-12 of Psalm 32 take us to God's role in guiding human history.

10	V	Dóminus díssipat consília géntium: * réprobat autem cogitatiónes populórum et réprobat consília príncipum.
	NV	Dominus dissipat consilia gentium, irritas facit cogitationes populorum.
	JH	Dominus dissoluit consilium gentium: irritas fecit cogitationes populorum.
		κύριος διασκεδάζει βουλὰς ἐθνῶν ἀθετεῖ δὲ λογισμοὺς λαῶν καὶ ἀθετεῖ βουλὰς ἀρχόντων

Dóminus (The Lord) díssipat (scatters/annuls) consília (the plans) géntium (of the nations): réprobat  (he rejects) autem (but) cogitatiónes (the plans) populórum (of the peoples) et (and) réprobat (he rejects) consília (the plans) príncipum (of princes).

The NV eliminates the last phrase, which is not in the MT, presumably on the basis that is a gloss.  But given that the resonances of this phrase with Psalm 2, that seems an unfortunate decision.

dissipo, avi, atum, are scatter, disperse; frustrate, bring to naught; break, annul, make void

consilium, i, n  a taking counsel, a deliberation, a plan, plot, resolution, conclusion, plan, counsel,

gens, gentis, f. sing., people, nation, the chosen; pl - the heathen, the gentiles

reprobo are avi atum to reject; bring to naught, thwart, defeat; to condemn

cogitatio, onis, f. thoughts, plans, designs; evil plans or devices; the deep plans or thoughts of God.

populus, i, people;  the chosen people; a heathen nation

consilium, i, n  a taking counsel, a deliberation, a plan, plot, resolution, conclusion, plan, counsel,

princeps, cipis, m.  prince, ruler, sovereign. 

  

DR	The Lord brings to nought the counsels of nations; and he rejects the devices of people, and casts away the counsels of princes.
Brenton	The Lord frustrates the counsels of the nations; he brings to nought also the reasonings of the peoples, and brings to nought the counsels of princes.
RSV	The LORD brings the counsel of the nations to nought; he frustrates the plans of the peoples.
Knox	At the Lord’s bidding, a nation’s purposes come to nothing, a people’s designs are thwarted;
Cover	The Lord bringeth the counsel of the heathen to nought, and maketh the devices of the people to be of none effect, and casteth out the counsels of princes.
Grail	He frustrates the designs of the nations, he defeats the plans of the peoples.

The Fathers and Theologians interpret this verse as primarily referring to Christ, as St Basil explains:

"This is an explanation of the preceding statement of how God created those who believe in Him in consequence of His bringing to nought the foolish counsels which the people held about idolatry and all vanity, and in consequence of His rejection of the counsels of princes. And it is possible to refer these things to the time of His passion when they thought that they were crucifying the King of Glory, but He through the economy of the cross was renewing humanity. For, in the Resurrection the counsel of nations, of Pilate and his soldiers, and of whoever was active in the matter of the cross, was brought to nought; the counsels of the princes were rejected, and also those of the high priests and scribes and kings of the people. In fact, the Resurrection destroyed their every device. If you will read the things in each history which God did to the faithless nations, you will find that the statement has much force even according to our corporeal intelligence. .."

St Basil provides a number of other Scriptural examples that fit this text, and concludes that the message is timeless:

"Therefore, when you hear some one making great threats and announcing that he will bring upon you all sorts of ill-treatment, losses, blows, or death, look up to the Lord who brings to nought the counsels of nations and rejects the devices of the people."

11	V	Consílium autem Dómini in ætérnum manet: * cogitatiónes cordis ejus in generatióne et generatiónem.
	OR	consilium vero Domini manet in aeternum cogitationes cordis eius in saeculum saeculi
	JH	Consilium Domini in aeternum stabit, cogitationes cordis eius in generatione et generatione.
		ἡ δὲ βουλὴ τοῦ κυρίου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα μένει λογισμοὶ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ εἰς γενεὰν καὶ γενεάν

Consílium (the plan) autem (but) Dómini (of the Lord) in ætérnum (forever) manet (it stays/remains): cogitatiónes (the thoughts) cordis (heart) ejus (his) in generatióne et generatiónem (forever).

cor, cordis, n., the heart, regarded as the seat of the faculties, feelings, emotions, passions; the mind, the soul.

DR	But the counsel of the Lord stands for ever: the thoughts of his heart to all generations.
Brenton	But the counsel of the Lord endures for ever, the thoughts of his heart from generation to generation.
Knox	his own designs stand firm for ever; generation after generation, his will does not swerve.
Cover	The counsel of the Lord shall endure for ever, and the thoughts of his heart from generation to generation.
Grail	His own designs shall stand for ever, the plans of his heart from age to age.

In contrast to the futile plotting of men, God is steadfast and unchanging, a truth that Cassiodorus links back to the mystery of the Incarnation:

"Just as he said that the debased plans of men are to be made vain, so now he says that the dispositions of the Lord remain for ever; for whereas the sinner and the mortal man experience transient things, the eternal Lord established what will never be blameworthy...We do well to understand his counsel as the secret of the Incarnation, known to have been granted in the interests of the human race.  It is dissolved by no time but standeth forever, because the Lord's triumphant death has blotted out for ever the destruction imposed by the devil..."

  

12	V	Beáta gens, cujus est Dóminus, Deus ejus: * pópulus, quem elégit in hereditátem sibi.
	NV	Beata gens, cui Dominus est Deus, populus, quem elegit in hereditatem sibi.
	JH	Beata gens cuius Dominus Deus eius; populus quem elegit in hereditatem sibi.
		μακάριον τὸ ἔθνος οὗ ἐστιν κύριος ὁ θεὸς αὐτοῦ λαός ὃν ἐξελέξατο εἰς κληρονομίαν ἑαυτῷ

Beáta (happy) gens (the people), cujus (whose) est (he is) Dóminus (the Lord), Deus (God) ejus (his): pópulus (the people), quem (whom) elégit (he has chosen) in hereditátem (as an inheritance) sibi (himself)

beatus, a, um happy, blessed ,fortunate

gens, gentis, f. sing., people, nation, the chosen

eligo, legi, lectum, ere 3  to choose, pick out, select.

hereditas, atis, f. an inheritance, possession;  the chosen people, the Israelites, the Church,

DR	Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord: the people whom he has chosen for his inheritance.
Brenton	Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord; the people whom he has chosen for his own inheritance.
RSV	Blessed is the nation whose God is the LORD, the people whom he has chosen as his heritage!
Knox	Blessed the nation that calls the Lord its own God, the people he has chosen out to be his!
Cover	Blessed are the people whose God is the Lord Jehovah; and blessed are the folk that he hath chosen to him to be his inheritance.
Grail	They are happy, whose God is the Lord, the people he has chosen as his own.

The beatitude here is a reminder that it is God who calls us, not we who save ourselves, as Cassiodorus points out:

 "...So he speaks of the nation as being the heavenly Jerusalem which we know is gathered from all nations.  It is indeed blessed, for God is truly worshipped and the Lord of all adored by it, the Lord who protects and guides them.  Inheritance refers to what is both left to another and acquired.  But the Christian people is an inheritance gained, not bequeathed, for their creator possesses those whom He sought by His holy preaching and precious blood."

Psalm 32: Exsultáte, justi in Dómino

Vulgate	Douay-Rheims
Psalmus David.	A psalm for David.
1 Exsultáte, justi in Dómino: * rectos decet collaudátio.	Rejoice in the Lord, O you just: praise becomes the upright.
2  Confitémini Dómino in cíthara: * in psaltério decem chordárum psállite illi.	2 Give praise to the Lord on the harp; sing to him with the psaltery, the instrument of ten strings
3  Cantáte ei cánticum novum: * bene psállite ei in vociferatióne.	3 Sing to him a new canticle, sing well unto him with a loud noise.
4  Quia rectum est verbum Dómini, * et ómnia ópera ejus in fide.	4 For the word of the Lord is right, and all his works are done with faithfulness.
5  Díligit misericórdiam et judícium: * misericórdia Dómini plena est terra.	5 He loves mercy and judgment; the earth is full of the mercy of the Lord.
6 Verbo Dómini cæli firmáti sunt: * et spíritu oris ejus omnis virtus eórum.	6 By the word of the Lord the heavens were established; and all the power of them by the spirit of his mouth:
7  Cóngregans sicut in utre aquas maris: * ponens in thesáuris abyssos.	7 Gathering together the waters of the sea, as in a vessel; laying up the depths in storehouses.
8  Tímeat Dóminum omnis terra: * ab eo autem commoveántur omnes inhabitántes orbem.	8 Let all the earth fear the Lord, and let all the inhabitants of the world be in awe of him.
9  Quóniam ipse dixit, et facta sunt: * ipse mandávit, et creáta sunt.	9 For he spoke and they were made: he commanded and they were created.
10  Dóminus díssipat consília Géntium: * réprobat autem cogitatiónes populórum et réprobat consília príncipum.	10 The Lord brings to nought the counsels of nations; and he rejects the devices of people, and casts away the counsels of princes.
11  Consílium autem Dómini in ætérnum manet: * cogitatiónes cordis ejus in generatióne et generatiónem.	11 But the counsel of the Lord stands for ever: the thoughts of his heart to all generations.
12 Beáta gens, cujus est Dóminus, Deus ejus: * pópulus, quem elégit in hereditátem sibi.	12 Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord: the people whom he has chosen for his inheritance.
13  De cælo respéxit Dóminus: * vidit omnes fílios hóminum.	13 The Lord has looked from heaven: he has beheld all the sons of men.
14  De præparáto habitáculo suo * respéxit super omnes, qui hábitant terram.	14 From his habitation which he has prepared, he has looked upon all that dwell on the earth.
15  Qui finxit sigillátim corda eórum: * qui intélligit ómnia ópera eórum.	15 He who has made the hearts of every one of them: who understands all their works.
16  Non salvátur rex per multam virtútem: * et gigas non salvábitur in multitúdine virtútis suæ.	16 The king is not saved by a great army: nor shall the giant be saved by his own great strength.
17  Fallax equus ad salútem: * in abundántia autem virtútis suæ non salvábitur.	17 Vain is the horse for safety: neither shall he be saved by the abundance of his strength.
18 Ecce óculi Dómini super metuéntes eum: * et in eis, qui sperant super misericórdia ejus :	18 Behold the eyes of the Lord are on them that fear him: and on them that hope in his mercy.
19  Ut éruat a morte ánimas eórum: * et alat eos in fame.	19 To deliver their souls from death; and feed them in famine.
20  Anima nostra sústinet Dóminum: * quóniam adjútor et protéctor noster est.	20 Our soul waits for the Lord: for he is our helper and protector.
21  Quia in eo lætábitur cor nostrum: * et in nómine sancto ejus sperávimus.	21 For in him our heart shall rejoice: and in his holy name we have trusted.
22  Fiat misericórdia tua, Dómine, super nos: * quemádmodum sperávimus in te.	22 Let your mercy, O Lord, be upon us, as we have hoped in you.

You can find the next set of notes in this series on Psalm 32 here.

Psalm 32 v6-9

Verses 6-9 of Psalm 32 point us to the Son as the Word of God.

6	V/OR	Verbo Dómini cæli firmáti sunt: * et spíritu oris ejus omnis virtus eórum.
	NV	Verbo Domini caeli facti sunt, et spiritu oris eius omnis virtus eorum.
	JH	Uerbo Domini caeli facti sunt,  et spiritu oris eius omnis ornatus eorum;
		τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσα ἡ δύναμις αὐτῶν

Verbo (the word) Dómini (of the Lord) cæli (the heavens) firmáti sunt (they were established): * et (and) spíritu (by the spirit) oris (of the mouth) ejus (his) omnis (all) virtus (strength) eórum (of them).

This verse summarises Genesis 1:1-2, and includes important allusions to the Trinitarian nature of the work of creation in the words 'word' and 'spirit':

"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the Spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters." 

verbum, i, n.,word, command, edict, also a promise; saying, speech; Law, the Eternal Son.

caelum, i, n., or caeli, orum, m.  heaven, the abode of God; the heavens as opposed to the earth; the air;

firmo, avi, atum, are  to strengthen, make firm or strong; establish, make stable or firm

spiritus, us, m.  breath;  wind;  breath of life, vital spirit; the soul; spirit, disposition; Divine assistance, grace

os, oris, n., the mouth.

virtus, utis, f   strength, power, might; an army, host; the angels.; the heavenly bodies, the sun, moon, and stars

DR	By the word of the Lord the heavens were established; and all the power of them by the spirit of his mouth:
Brenton	By the word of the Lord the heavens were established; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth.
Cover	By the word of the Lord were the heavens made, and all the hosts of them by the breath of his mouth.
Grail	By his word the heavens were made, by the breath of his mouth all the stars.

Verse 6 attests to God as creator of all things, but it was also interpreted by the Fathers to speak of the new creation through faith in Christ.  Cassiodorus, for example, explains the Word' not only as Christ but also as the apostles and saints sent out to fill the earth with the 'preaching that bought salvation'.  St Thomas Aquinas summarises this mystical interpretation as follows:

Mystically, by 'heavens' are understood the apostles. These have been strengthened by the Word of the Lord, namely Christ or the Son of the Lord. This is his entreaty and teaching: 'I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not: and thou, being once converted, confirm thy brethren' (Luke 22:32). Again, their virtue is made firm through the holy spirit: 'Stay you in the city till you be endued with power from on high' (Luke 24:49).

7	V	Cóngregans sicut in utre aquas maris: * ponens in thesáuris abyssos.
	JH	congregans quasi in utre aquas maris, ponens in thesauris abyssos.
		τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσα ἡ δύναμις αὐτῶν

Cóngregans (gathering/collecting) sicut (like/as) in utre (in the skin/vessel) aquas (the waters) maris (of the sea): * ponens (setting) in thesáuris (in the storehouses/treasuries) abyssos (the depths).

Genesis:  And God said, "Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters." And God made the firmament and separated the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament... (1:6-7)

congrego, avi, atum, are  to collect, gather together, assemble. .

uter, utris, m., the skin of an amimal used as a bottle for wine, oil, etc.; a bottle, vessel, wine-skin.  

aqua, ae, f., water

mare, is, n., the sea, the ocean.

pono, posui, itum, ere 3,  to put, place, lay, set.

thesaurus i m treasure, a treasury, storehouse

abyssus, i, f  the deep, i.e., the primitive chaos; the depths of the sea

DR	Gathering together the waters of the sea, as in a vessel; laying up the depths in storehouses.
Brenton	Who gathers the waters of the sea as in a bottle; who lays up the deeps in treasuries.
Cover	He gathereth the waters of the sea together, as it were upon an heap, and layeth up the deep, as in a treasure-house
Grail	He collects the waves of the ocean; he stores up the depths of the sea.

Again this verse can be read literally, as a reference to the cosmic waters of Genesis 1, or spiritually, as reference to the Church.  St Basil the Great, builds on the Genesis reference, making a link between the separation of the waters and baptism: 

"When we have been deemed worthy of knowledge face to face, we shall see also the depths in the storehouses of God. If you will gather together the sayings in Scripture about vessels, you will better  comprehend the prophetic meaning. Those, then, who are renewed day by day and who take new wine from the true vine, are said in the Gospel to be new vessels. But, they who have not yet put off the old man are old vessels, unable to be trusted for the reception of new wine. For, no one puts new wine into old wineskins, lest the wine be spilt, and those skins be entirely ruined, inasmuch as they are considered worthy of no excuse hereafter, if they spill the good new wine. New wine must be poured into fresh skins. The new and spiritual wine and that which is glowing with the Holy Spirit, the

perception of truth which never becomes old, must be put in the new man, who, because 'he always bears about in his body  the dying of Jesus,' might justly be said to be a new vessel."

  

8	V	Tímeat Dóminum omnis terra: * ab eo autem commoveántur omnes inhabitántes orbem.
	OR	timeat Dominum omnis terra ab ipso autem commoveantur universi et omnes qui habitant orbem
	NV	Timeat Dominum omnis terra, a facie autem eius formident omnes inhabitantes orbem.
	JH	Timeat Dominum omnis terra : ipsum formident uniuersi habitatores orbis;
		φοβηθήτω τὸν κύριον πᾶσα ἡ γῆ ἀ{P'} αὐτοῦ δὲ σαλευθήτωσαν πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν οἰκουμένην

Tímeat (Let them fear) Dóminum (the Lord) omnis (all) terra (the earth): * ab (from) eo (him) autem (but) commoveántur (let them be moved) omnes (all) inhabitántes (the inhabitants) orbem (on the earth).

commoveo, movi, motum, ere 2 to move, shake, agitate, disturb, waver, falter, hesitate, fail; tremble from fear,

inhabito, avi, atum, are to dwell, abide; to inhabit, dwell in (present participle=inhabitantes, in habitants, dwellers)

orbis, is, m., a circle, ring, anything round. the world, the earth

DR	Let all the earth fear the Lord, and let all the inhabitants of the world be in awe of him.
Brenton	Let all the earth fear the Lord; and let all that dwell in the world be moved because of him.
Cover	Let all the earth fear the Lord; stand in awe of him, all ye that dwell in the world.
Grail	Let all the earth fear the Lord all who live in the world revere him.

Is this verse referring to fear of hell (servile fear) or reverent awe (filial fear)?  The Fathers generally see the first half of the psalm as dealing with fear of hell; the second as reflecting progress in the spiritual life.  St Basil, for example, suggests that there is a necessary progression in our lives, but we start from servile fear:

"Since the fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge, let those who are earthly minded be taught through fear. In fact, fear Is necessarily employed as introductory to true religion, but love, now taking over, brings to perfection those who have been prepared by a fear that is capable of knowledge. To the whole earth, therefore, Scripture advises fear. 'Let all the inhabitants of the world' it says, 'be in awe of him.' Let them make every movement, as it were, whether effected by the mind or by bodily action, according to the will of God. At least I understand the words, 'Let them be in awe of him' in this way. For example, let neither the eye be moved without God, nor the hand be put in motion without God, nor the heart think on things not well pleasing to God. In short, let them be in awe of no one else, and let nothing move them except the fear of God."

St Augustine puts it more succinctly:

"Let all the earth fear the Lord: let every sinner fear, that so he may cease to sin. Let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of Him: not of the terrors of men, or of any creature, but of Him let them stand in awe."

9	V	Quóniam ipse dixit, et facta sunt: * ipse mandávit, et creáta sunt.
	JH	quia ipse mandauit, et factus est ; ipso praecipiente, stetit.
		ὅτι αὐτὸς εἶπεν καὶ ἐγενήθησαν αὐτὸς ἐνετείλατοκαὶ ἐκτίσθησαν

Quóniam (for /because) ipse (he himself) dixit (he spoke), et (and) facta sunt (they were made): * ipse (he himself) mandávit (he commanded), et (and) creáta sunt (they were created).

facio, feci, factum, ere 3,  to make, do, cause, bring to pass

mando, avi, atum, are to enjoin, order,

creo are avi atum  to create, bring into being

DR	For he spoke and they were made: he commanded and they were created.
Brenton	For he spoke, and they were made; he commanded, and they were created.
Cover	For he spoke, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast.
Grail	He spoke; and it came to be. He commanded; it sprang into being.

This verse brings us firmly back to the Christological interpretation of the psalm, for the use of the phrase 'All things were made through him' in John 1:3 is a reminder that the Word is Christ, who through the mystery of the Incarnation, dwelt among us. 

Psalm 32: Exsultáte, justi in Dómino

Vulgate	Douay-Rheims
Psalmus David.	A psalm for David.
1 Exsultáte, justi in Dómino: * rectos decet collaudátio.	Rejoice in the Lord, O you just: praise becomes the upright.
2  Confitémini Dómino in cíthara: * in psaltério decem chordárum psállite illi.	2 Give praise to the Lord on the harp; sing to him with the psaltery, the instrument of ten strings
3  Cantáte ei cánticum novum: * bene psállite ei in vociferatióne.	3 Sing to him a new canticle, sing well unto him with a loud noise.
4  Quia rectum est verbum Dómini, * et ómnia ópera ejus in fide.	4 For the word of the Lord is right, and all his works are done with faithfulness.
5  Díligit misericórdiam et judícium: * misericórdia Dómini plena est terra.	5 He loves mercy and judgment; the earth is full of the mercy of the Lord.
6 Verbo Dómini cæli firmáti sunt: * et spíritu oris ejus omnis virtus eórum.	6 By the word of the Lord the heavens were established; and all the power of them by the spirit of his mouth:
7  Cóngregans sicut in utre aquas maris: * ponens in thesáuris abyssos.	7 Gathering together the waters of the sea, as in a vessel; laying up the depths in storehouses.
8  Tímeat Dóminum omnis terra: * ab eo autem commoveántur omnes inhabitántes orbem.	8 Let all the earth fear the Lord, and let all the inhabitants of the world be in awe of him.
9  Quóniam ipse dixit, et facta sunt: * ipse mandávit, et creáta sunt.	9 For he spoke and they were made: he commanded and they were created.
10  Dóminus díssipat consília Géntium: * réprobat autem cogitatiónes populórum et réprobat consília príncipum.	10 The Lord brings to nought the counsels of nations; and he rejects the devices of people, and casts away the counsels of princes.
11  Consílium autem Dómini in ætérnum manet: * cogitatiónes cordis ejus in generatióne et generatiónem.	11 But the counsel of the Lord stands for ever: the thoughts of his heart to all generations.
12 Beáta gens, cujus est Dóminus, Deus ejus: * pópulus, quem elégit in hereditátem sibi.	12 Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord: the people whom he has chosen for his inheritance.
13  De cælo respéxit Dóminus: * vidit omnes fílios hóminum.	13 The Lord has looked from heaven: he has beheld all the sons of men.
14  De præparáto habitáculo suo * respéxit super omnes, qui hábitant terram.	14 From his habitation which he has prepared, he has looked upon all that dwell on the earth.
15  Qui finxit sigillátim corda eórum: * qui intélligit ómnia ópera eórum.	15 He who has made the hearts of every one of them: who understands all their works.
16  Non salvátur rex per multam virtútem: * et gigas non salvábitur in multitúdine virtútis suæ.	16 The king is not saved by a great army: nor shall the giant be saved by his own great strength.
17  Fallax equus ad salútem: * in abundántia autem virtútis suæ non salvábitur.	17 Vain is the horse for safety: neither shall he be saved by the abundance of his strength.
18 Ecce óculi Dómini super metuéntes eum: * et in eis, qui sperant super misericórdia ejus :	18 Behold the eyes of the Lord are on them that fear him: and on them that hope in his mercy.
19  Ut éruat a morte ánimas eórum: * et alat eos in fame.	19 To deliver their souls from death; and feed them in famine.
20  Anima nostra sústinet Dóminum: * quóniam adjútor et protéctor noster est.	20 Our soul waits for the Lord: for he is our helper and protector.
21  Quia in eo lætábitur cor nostrum: * et in nómine sancto ejus sperávimus.	21 For in him our heart shall rejoice: and in his holy name we have trusted.
22  Fiat misericórdia tua, Dómine, super nos: * quemádmodum sperávimus in te.	22 Let your mercy, O Lord, be upon us, as we have hoped in you.

You can find the next set of notes in this series here.