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| Crossing the Red Sea, a wall painting from the 1640s in Yaroslavl, Russia |
Verses 10 to 20 of Psalm 135 provide accounts of God's governance of
history that are virtually identical to those of Psalm 134 (see the table
below).
Repetition between the psalms
Accordingly, I won't go over the
same ground again (you can read the notes on Psalm 134 here), but will just provide notes on the additional material contained in verses 12-16. I've included verses 21 and 22 in the table for reference purposes, since they fit into this narrative and are practically identical in both psalms, but I will come back to them briefly in the next post in this series.
Psalm 134
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Psalm 135
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8 Qui percussit primogenita
Ægypti, ab homine usque ad pecus.
9 Et misit signa et prodigia in medio tui, Ægypte : in Pharaonem,
et in omnes servos ejus.
10 Qui percussit gentes
multas,
et occidit reges fortes:
11 Sehon, regem Amorrhæorum,
et
Og, regem Basan, et omnia regna
Chanaan:
[12 et dedit terram eorum
hæreditatem,
hæreditatem
Israël populo suo.]
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10 Qui percússit Ægyptum cum primogénitis eórum
[quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus]
11 Qui
edúxit Israël de médio eórum []
[12-16 contain
additional material]
17 Qui percússit reges magnos []
.
18 Et occídit reges fortes []
19 Sehon, regem Amorrhæórum.[]
20 Et Og, regem Basan []
[21 Et dedit terram eórum hereditátem []
22 Hereditátem Israël, servo suo []]
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*Note: Italics and [] indicate additional material.
Notes on the verses
There is of course, also some commonality between the verses that follow and others in Psalm 113 and 134. Nonetheless, this is the more unique material:
12
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V
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In manu poténti, et bráchio excélso : * quóniam in
ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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NV
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in manu potenti et brachio extento* quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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JH
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In manu ualida et in brachio extento :
quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius.
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ἐν χειρὶ κραταιᾷ καὶ ἐν βραχίονι ὑψηλῷ ὅτι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ |
In manu (With the hand) poténti (of
might/strength), et (and) bráchio ([strong] arm) excélso
(uplifted/outstretched)
manus,
us, f, the hand
potens, entis, p. adj. powerful,
mighty, strong.
brachium, ii, n. the arm; a symbol of
power, might, strength.
excelsus, a, um (1) high, august,
sublime, towering aloft (2) with Deus,
the most high (3) uplifted (said of the arm) (4) as a neuter substantive, a)heights,
high places b) billows, high waves
DR
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With a mighty
hand and with a stretched out arm: for his mercy endures for ever.
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Brenton
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with a strong
hand, and a high arm: for his mercy endures for ever.
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MD
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With strong hand
and outstretched arm for his mercy endureth forever
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Cover
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with a mighty hand and stretched-out arm (for his
mercy endureth for ever);
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Knox
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with constraining power, with his arm raised on high, his
mercy is eternal.
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13
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V/NV/JH
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Qui divísit mare rubrum in divisiónes: * quóniam in
ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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τῷ καταδιελόντι τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν εἰς διαιρέσεις ὅτι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ |
Qui (who) divísit (divides) Mare Rubrum (the
Red Sea ) in divisiónes (into parts)
divisio onis f a part, division, portion
divido, visi, visum, ere 3, to
separate, divide, part
DR
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Who divided the Red Sea into parts: for
his mercy endures for ever.
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Brenton
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To him who
divided the
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RSV
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to him who
divided the
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Cover
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who
divided the
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Knox
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Eternal the mercy that divided the
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14
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V
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Et edúxit israël per médium ejus: * quóniam in
ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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NV
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Et traduxit
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JH
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Et eduxit Israhel in medio eius : quoniam
in aeternum misericordia eius.
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καὶ διαγαγόντι τὸν Ισραηλ διὰ μέσου αὐτῆς ὅτι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ |
Et (and) edúxit (led) Israël per (through)
médium (the middle) ejus (of it)
educo, duxi, ductum, ere 3, to lead
out or forth.
medius, a, um in the middle, midst
DR
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And brought out Israel through the
midst thereof: for his mercy endures for ever.
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Brenton
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and brought
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MD
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And he made
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Cover
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and
made
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Knox
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eternal the mercy that led
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15
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V/NV
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Et excussit pharaónem, et virtútem ejus in mari
rubro: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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JH
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Et conuoluit
Pharao et exercitum eius in mari rubro: quoniam in aeternum misericordia
eius.
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καὶ ἐκτινάξαντι Φαραω καὶ τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ εἰς θάλασσαν ἐρυθράν ὅτι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ |
Et (and) excussit (he overthrew/shook off)
Pharaónem (Pharaoh), et (and) virtútem (the army) ejus (his) in Mari Rubro (in
the Red Sea )
excutio
ere cussi cussum to shake off, shake out; overthrow
virtus,
utis, f strength, power, might; an army, host;
the angels.; the heavenly bodies, the sun, moon, and stars
DR
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And overthrew Pharao and his host in
the Red Sea: for his
mercy endures for ever.
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Brenton
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and overthrew
Pharao and his host in the
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MD
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And he buried
Pharao and his army in the
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RSV
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but overthrew
Pharaoh and his host in the
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Cover
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but
as for Pharaoh and his host, he overthrew them in the
ever);
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Knox
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eternal the mercy that drowned in the Red Sea Pharao and
Pharao’s men.
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16
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V/NV/JH
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Qui tradúxit pópulum suum per desértum: * quóniam in
ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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τῷ διαγαγόντι τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ὅτι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ τῷ ἐξαγαγόντι ὕδωρ ἐκ πέτρας ἀκροτόμου ὅτι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ |
Qui (who) tradúxit (led) pópulum (the people) suum (his)
per (through) desértum (the desert)
traduco ere duxi ducturm to lead, bring or conudct across, to lead or bring
over
populus, i, people; the
chosen people; a heathen nation
desertus, a, um, part. adj. desert,
arid, waste, solitary, desolate
subst., desertum, i,
n., a desert, wilderness.
DR
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Who led his
people through the desert:
for his mercy endures for ever.
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Brenton
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To him who led
his people through the wilderness: for his mercy endures for ever.
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MD
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He led his
people through the desert, for his mercy endures forever
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RSV
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to him who led
his people through the wilderness, for his steadfast love endures for ever;
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Cover
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who
led his people through the wilderness (for his mercy endureth for ever);
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Knox
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And so he led his people through the wilderness, his mercy
is eternal.
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The significance of salvation history
Pope Benedict XVI's commentary on the psalm draws out the significance of this history for us:
"We know that biblical Revelation repeatedly proclaims that the presence of God the Saviour is manifested in particular in the history of salvation (cf. Dt 26:5-9; Jos 24:1-13). Thus, the Lord's liberating actions, the heart of the fundamental event of the Exodus from Egypt Sinai Desert , whose ultimate destination is the Promised Land, the divine gift that Israel
The famous crossing of the Red Sea, "divided in two", split as it were in two and subdued like a defeated monster (cf. Ps 136[135]:13), brings forth the free people called to a mission and a glorious destiny (cf. vv. 14-15; Ex 15:1-21), who will have a new Christian interpretation in their full liberation from evil by baptismal grace (cf. I Cor 10:1-4).
The journey then begins through the desert: there the Lord is portrayed as a warrior who, by continuing the work of liberation begun in the Red Sea crossing, stands by his people to defend them by striking down their enemies. The desert and the sea thus represent the passage through evil and oppression, to receive the gift of freedom and the Promised Land (cf. Ps 136[135]:16-20)."
Vulgate
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Douay-Rheims
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Alleluja.
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1 Confitémini Dómino, quóniam bonus: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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Praise the Lord, for he is good: for his mercy endures for ever.
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2 Confitémini Deo deórum: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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2 Praise the God of gods: for his mercy endures for ever.
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3 Confitémini Dómino dominórum: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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3 Praise the Lord of lords: for his mercy endures for ever.
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4 Qui facit mirabília magna solus: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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4 Who alone does great wonders: for his mercy endures for ever.
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5 Qui fecit cælos in intelléctu: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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5 Who made the heavens in understanding: for his mercy endures for ever.
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6 Qui firmávit terram super aquas: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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6 Who established the earth above the waters: for his mercy endures for ever.
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7 Qui fecit luminária magna: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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7 Who made the great lights: for his mercy endures for ever.
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8 Solem in potestátem diéi : * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus
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8 The sun to rule the day: for his mercy endures for ever.
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9 Lunam et stellas in potestátem noctis: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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9 The moon and the stars to rule the night: for his mercy endures for ever.
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10 Qui percússit Ægyptum cum primogénitis eórum: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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10 Who smote Egypt with their firstborn: for his mercy endures for ever.
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11 Qui edúxit Israël de médio eórum: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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11 Who brought out Israel from among them: for his mercy endures for ever.
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12 In manu poténti, et bráchio excélso : * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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12 With a mighty hand and with a stretched out arm: for his mercy endures for ever.
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13 Qui divísit Mare Rubrum in divisiónes: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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13 Who divided the Red Sea into parts: for his mercy endures for ever.
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14 Et edúxit Israël per médium ejus: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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14 And brought out Israel through the midst thereof: for his mercy endures for ever.
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15 Et excussit Pharaónem, et virtútem ejus in Mari Rubro: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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15 And overthrew Pharao and his host in the Red Sea: for his mercy endures for ever.
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16 Qui tradúxit pópulum suum per desértum: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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16 Who led his people through the desert: for his mercy endures for ever.
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17 Qui percússit reges magnos: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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17 Who smote great kings: for his mercy endures for ever.
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18 Et occídit reges fortes : * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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18 And slew strong kings: for his mercy endures for ever.
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19 Sehon, regem Amorrhæórum: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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19 Sehon king of the Amorrhites: for his mercy endures for ever.
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20 Et Og, regem Basan: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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20 And Og king of Basan: for his mercy endures for ever.
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21 Et dedit terram eórum hereditátem : * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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21 And he gave their land for an inheritance: for his mercy endures for ever.
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22 Hereditátem Israël, servo suo : * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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22 For an inheritance to his servant Israel: for his mercy endures for ever.
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23 Quia in humilitáte nostra memor fuit nostri: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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23 For he was mindful of us in our affliction: for his mercy endures for ever
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24 Et redémit nos ab inimícis nostris: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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24 And he redeemed us from our enemies: for his mercy endures for ever.
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25 Qui dat escam omni carni: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus
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25 Who gives food to all flesh: for his mercy endures for ever.
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26 Confitémini Deo cæli: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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26 Give glory to the God of heaven: for his mercy endures for ever.
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27 Confitémini Dómino dominórum: * quóniam in ætérnum misericórdia ejus.
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Give glory to the Lord of lords: for his mercy endures for ever
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The final part in this series of notes on Psalm 135 can be found here.
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